Browsing by Author "Padma, P R"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 105
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    Antibacterial and antifungal activity of latex of euphorbia antiquorum
    (2011) Padma, P R
    Euphorbia antiquorum is a large shrub or small tree belonging to the largest and the most diverse family in the plant kingdom, Euphorbiaceae. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of latex of E. antiquorum on certain microbes. The methanolic extract of the latex was prepared. The extracts were tested for their antibacterial activity against some Gram positive bacteria, Baciiius subtiiis, Staphyiococcus aureus, Shigeiia fiexneri and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coii and Klebsieiia pneumonia and antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi Candida aibicans, Aspergiiius fiavus, Aspergiiius fumigatus, Rhizopus stoionifer and Mucor indicus. The results revealed that the latex showed minimum inhibition only to £. coii and S. fiexneri. Latex did posses a strong antifungal activity against deadly pathogens namely C. aibicans, A. fiavus, A. fumigatus and not to Rhizopus Mucor. The results suggest that the E. antiquorum latex extract account both for the antibacterial and antifungal properties and has a potential for use as an antimicrobial agent.
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    ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF Artemisia vulgaris ON HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HEPG2)CELLS
    (2012) Padma, P R
    Hepatocellular carcinoma is the ifth leading cancer causing death worldwide. Currently research focuses on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer, due to its resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Objective: The present study pertains to the use of Artemisia vulgaris as a source of anticancer agent The methanolic extract of the leaves were tested in vitro against HepG2 [hepatocellular carcinoma) cells for their apoptotic properties in synergism with a standard chemotherapeutic drug, etoposide. Methods: Viability of the cells was assessed by various concentrations of tfie extract using MTT. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the LDH assay and mechanism of cell death was studied by morphological [Giemsa) and various nuclear staining methods (EtBr, PI and DAPI). Results: The 1C50 value was found to be around O.lmg as determined by MTT assay. LDH cytotoxicity assay showed A. vulgaris leaf extract to be toxic against the cancer cells, which was further proved by the staining methods. Conclusion: The results indicated the potential use of Artemisia vulgaris leaf extract as a source of chemotherapeutic substances.
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    Anticancer Activity of Zea mays Leaf Extracts on Oxidative Stress-induced Hep2 Cells
    (2013) Padma, P R
    Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in humans. It is believed that plants can provide potential bioactive compounds for the development of "new leads" to combat cancer and other diseases. The present study focuses on the ability of the different extracts (aqueous, methanol, and chloroform) of the leaves of Zea mays in influencing the process of apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Hep2 (laryngeal carcinoma) cells. Various apoptosis-related parameters, such as cell viability, morphological changes, nuclear changes, and apoptotic index were characterized, sulforhodamine B and MTT assays were used to quantify the extent of cell death in the group exposed to H2O2, plant extracts, and their combination. Treatment with H2O2 caused cytotoxicity in cancer cells. The administration of leaf extract also caused an increase in the death of cancer cells. Oxidatively stressed cancer cells co-treated with all the Z. mays leaf extracts (except the chloroform extract) demonstrated cytotoxicity on a par with the H202-treated groups. This indicated that the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts did not influence the cytotoxic action of H2O2 in the cancer cells. Thus, various apoptosisrelated events in Hep2 cells exposed to leaf extract throw light on the potential anticancer activity of the Z. mays leaves. The maximum activity was exerted by the methanolic extract followed by the aqueous and chloroform extracts.
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    Antinutagenicity of the Grass,Cynodan Dactylon
    (1992-05) Chandra Prabha , D; Padma, P R
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    ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MAJORANA HORTENSIS LEAVES SUBJECTED TO OXIDATIVE STRESS IN IN VITRO SYSTEM
    (2011) Padma, P R
    Oxidative stress can arise from an imbalance between the generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species leading to the excess levels, which in turn cause various diseases and cell death. Reactive oxygen species can be eliminated by a number of en2ymic and non-enzymic antioxidant defense mechanisms. This was studied in h'lqjorana hortensis using in vitro model simulating the in vivo system. Precision-cut goat liver slices were challenged with a standard oxidant (HjOi) both in the presence and in the absence of the different extracts of the leaves. The enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were analyzed in the homogenate of the liver slices after incubation. The oxidant treated liver slices showed a decrease in the levels of antioxidants compared to the untreated control. But in the presence of the leaf extracts, the antioxidant status was reverted back to a significant extent. Thus, the results showed that the leaf extracts of the candidate plant can improve the antioxidant status in the goat liver slices exposed in vitro to oxidative stress.
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    Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Clitoria ternatea leaf extracts by using in vivo model
    (2012) Padma, P R
    Herbal medicines are in great demand because of their great efficacy and little or no side effects. Many piant extracts show promising antioxidant and free radicai scavenging activity. The plant used in the present study is Clitoria ternatea (Sanskrit-Sankupushpam) belongs to the family Fabaceae . The in vivo studies were conducted using male Wistar rats. Liver cells participate in a variety of metabolic activities and contain a host of enzymes. CCI4 is a known hepatotoxin whose action is mediated by the cytochrome P450 (CYP), the extent of liver damage caused by ethanol-CCL treatment was studied by estimating the serum marker enzymes and the circulating lipid profile. The effect of leaf extracts was significantly higher in all the antioxidants suggests Clitoria ternatea a strong protection against oxidative damage in CCI4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The observations made in vivo were also confirmed by histopathological studies.
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    Antioxidant Effect of Artemisia Vulgaris Leaf Extracts on Oxidatively Stressed Precision-Cut Liver Slices
    (2013) Padma, P R
    Oxidative stress results from an excessive production of reactive oxygen species beyond the body’s antioxidant capacity. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species can lead to damage to cellular biomolecules, which is implicated in the development of many diseases including cell death. The reactive oxygen species can be eliminated / deactivated by a number of antioxidants which include enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants. The work was framed to study the antioxidant effects of Artemisia vulgaris leaf extracts on oxidatively stressed precision-cut liver slices. Precision-cut liver slices were treated with hydrogen peroxide (standard oxidant) both in the presence and in the absence of three different solvent extracts of the leaves namely aqueous (polar in nature), methanol (partially polar and non-polar) and chloroform (non-polar). The enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-s-transferase) and non-enzymic (ascorbic acid, tocopherol, vitamin A and reduced glutathione) antioxidants were analyzed in the liver slice homogenate after incubation. Both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were found to be decreased in oxidant-treated liver slices compared to untreated control, whereas the antioxidant activity / level was increased in leaf extract treated slices. This result indicates that the leaf extracts have the ability to improve the antioxidant status in oxidatively stressed liver slices.
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    ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF MAJORANA HORTENSIS LEAVES
    (2011) Padma, P R
    Free radicals can be generated in the biological systems in the form of reactive oxygen species which are harmful and these are removed by the antioxidant system in the body. Antioxidants protect us from free radicals that cause tissue damage, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Plants are a rich source of antioxidants. In the present study, Majorana hortensis, commonly called majoram was chosen as the candidate plant to determine the antioxidant |Potential. The enzymic activity and non-enzymic levels of the fresh leaves was determined proving the plant to be a potent source of antioxidants.
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    Antioxidant Potential of Artemisia Vulgaris
    (2014) Padma, P R
    Aerobic organisms are dependent of oxygen, which plays an important role in energy production. Activated oxygen that functions as an xidant may be represented as a free radical. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) are products of normal cellular metabolism which may cause damage to cellular lipids, DNA and proteins. The harmful effects of these reactive species are encountered by the presence of molecules called antioxidants and plants are found to be a richest source. With this, the candidate plant Artemisia vulgaris, L. was chosen to test their antioxidant potential. The result of the present study showed that the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris, L. possessed good enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants.
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    Antioxidant potential of the flowers of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Swartz in an in uitro system subjected to oxidative stress
    (2013) Padma, P R
    Background; Oxidative stress leads to various pathological conditions including cancer. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase represent the cell defense mechanism for preventing oxidative damage. Recently many studies have focused on finding natural antioxidants, especially of plant origin for the treatment of oxidative stress associated diseases. The pharmacological and therapeutic properties of plants are attributed to the ability of antioxidants in them to scavenge free radicals. Objective: In the present study, goat liver was selected as an in uitro model to determine the antioxidant effects of the three flowers (orange, pink and yellow) of Caesalpinia pulcherrima both in the presence and the absence of a standard oxidant (H2O2). The enzymic antioxidants (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase) and the non-enzymic antioxidants (vitamins A, C, E and reduced glutathione) were analysed. Results; Treatment with hydrogen peroxide reduced the antioxidant levels in goat liver slices which were improved on co-treatment with the flower extracts, which proved the antioxidant efficacy of the flowers. Conclusion; Our findings showed that the methanolic extract of the flowers of C. pulcherrima exhibits significant antioxidant activity against H202-induced oxidative stress in goat liver model.
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    ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF GOAT LIVER SLICES TREATED WITH METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF Nyctanthes arbor-tristis EXPOSED TO OXIDATIVE STRESS
    (2011) Padma, P R
    A number of natural compounds found in plants display potential role as chemo preventive agents. Hence plant products have been used recently in treatment of several diseases. The plant selected for the present study is Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Family; Oleaceae) commonly known as Pavazhamalli. Its leaves are traditionally used to treat fever, rheuimatism, liver disorders and as expectorant. In the present study we estimated the antioxidant status of goat liver slices {in vitro model) that were exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and co-treated with methanolic leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. The enzymic antioxidants like Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione- S-Transferase and the non-enzymic antioxidants like Vitamin C and reduced glutathione were analyzed in the presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide decreased the antioxidant status of goat liver slices and co-treatment with the extract improved the antioxidant status of liver slices