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Browsing Journal Article by Author "Annapoorani, R"
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- ItemAn Analytical Study of Inter District Variation in Quality of Life in Tamil Nadu(2013) Annapoorani, RQuality of life is a concept to formulate welfare .'‘ek'r'.opnjem i social, psychological and environmental issues. In this context a r e s ^ analytical study of Inter district variation in quality of life in TanAoadki” with the objectives of computing quality of life index for different O M n d to find out the extent of variation in different conponents of q^ialMy of Sie factors causing inter district variation in quality of life in Tawilfj related to 30 districts in Tamil Nadu and the reqinred data were > Hand Book of Tanil Nadu (2010), Census of Incfia 200^ and District Lewel Es and ChUd Mortality (2001). The study estimated Gini co efficient ratio and regnessian an^ysis. As per the study qpjality of Hfe index was the i and loMest in Theni and Krishnagiii (0.52). The application erf mutt^ile rs revealed that total population and p>er capita income were significant fat quality of life. The estimated multiple regression was statisacailty va&d as i R^ value *0.60) and F value (1.77). To improve quality of life in various d Nadu the study recommends establishment of more number of colleges and up of more number of primary health centres and strengthieniiig kte activities in backward districts.
- ItemAn Assessment of Quality of Life of Scheduled Tribes (St) in The Nilgiris District with Specific Reference to Todas(2014) Annapoorani, RThe concept of quality o f life broadly encompasses how an individual measures the ‘goodness’ o f multiple aspects o f their life. At all levels of development, the three essential choices for people are, to live a long and healthy life, to acquire better knowledge and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living. The quality o f life of Scheduled tribes is unique since they were the socially excluded population. India had the largest tribal population in the World and Indian tribes constituted roughly 8.6 percent of the nation’s total population. In this context a research study on “An assessment of quality of life of scheduled tribes in Nilgiri district with specific refers to Todas” was formulated with the objectives of estimating quality of life of Todas in Nilgiris District and to identify factors influencing quality of life of Todas in Nilgiris District. The required information was collected from 50 Todas households in Nanjanadu village in Udhagamandalam block. The study tried to assess quality of life of the selected tribal households by using the parameters of housing (type and number of rooms), source of water used, sanitation facilities available, food and nutrition intake, health status, educational status, fuel and energy availability, assets possessed, own transportation and per capita income. The study used chi-square analysis. As per the study majority of the head of the household (36.00 percent) belonged to the age group of 41-50 years. Majority of head o f the households (34.00 pereent) were illiterate and (28.00 percent) eompleted secondary education. The primary occupation of head of the Todas households was business since 48.00 present were involved in business. On an average head of the Todas households earn monthly income of Rs.7521. There was predominance o f joint family system for the Todas tribal sinee majority of them were belonging to joint family. Majority of them(44.00 percent) represents large sized category. There was dominance of Hindu religion as indicated by the fact that 76.00 percent of Todas were Hindus. Majority of Todas household (54 percent) were living in Kacha house having rooms in the range of 5-6 and 42 percent had own tap. All the selected Todas household have used gas and electricity as fuel and had own toilet facilities. Among Todas 52 percent had good food intake consisting of rice, pulses, curry. Of the total Todas household 30 percent had fair quality o f life and 48 percent had good quality of life. On an average the estimated quality o f life was found to be 39.46 to improve the quality of life o f Todas the study recommended that there is need for increasing the access of education facilities to all Todas by establishing schools in the nearby areas of Toda Munds and income generation programmes targeting women have to be encouraged.
- ItemAn Assessment of the Impact of Kisan Credit Card on Financial Inclusion(2011) Annapoorani, R
- ItemDeterminants of Agricultural Credit by Scheduled Commercial Banks - A Comparative Study in the Pre and Post Reform Period(2010) Annapoorani, RAgricultural credit is one of tltc most crucial inputs in the adoption of technological innervations, modernization of agriculture, to improve productiinty and for all agricultural development programmes. Scheduled commercial batiks were a predominant source o f institutional credit to the farmers. The share ofSCBs in total institutional credit to agriculture has increased from 50.03 per cent in 1998-99 to 77.89 per cent in 2008-09. The research study on "Determinants of Agriailhiral Credit by Scheduled Commercial Banks-A Comparative Study in the Pre and Post Reform Period" was formulated with the objectives of to compare the provision of agricultural credit by SCBs between pre and post reform period and to identify the determinants o f agriailtural credit provided by SCBs during the pre and post reform period. The study zoas related to the period 1^80-81 to 2006-07 and the required data xoere compiled from the secondary sources. Compound growth rate,, t test and regression analysis were used fo r the analysis. The study found that the direct agricultural credit provided by the scheduled commercial banks at constant prices had shown an increasing trend with fluctuation. In the post refyfni period the share df direct agricultural credil ut both curimi arid Wasiihti^iaiiy signifwan f mditpid^iitfoe. rdafdm^fy with ike advances. But iuthe post reformperiod, along with tlie amount o f deposits, the area under high yielding varieties was also statistically significant. As such to increase • the direct agricultural adi>ances, the commercial banks should be strictly regulated to follow the percentage o f net bank credit towards direct agricultural advances. Further, proper extension services-should be made to increase the area tinder high yielding variety seeds.
- ItemDeterminants of Gender Disparity in Higher Education in India-State wise Analysis(2014) Annapoorani, RHigher education is a very important sector for the growth and development of human resource which can take responsibility for social, economic and scientific development of the country. At the time of Independence of India, there were only 20 Universities and 500 Colleges in the country with 2.1 lakhs students in higher education. The total enrolment in the higher education system increased from 0.17 million in 1950-51 to 20.4 percent in 2011-12. Total enrolment at higher education level increased at an average annual growth rate of 9.50 percent. In this context the research study on “Determinants of Gender Disparity in Higher Education in India-Statewise Analysis” was formulated with the objectives to estimate gender disparity index in higher education, to find out course wise_ gender disparity in higher education and to identify the determinants of gender disparity in higher education. The study was related to 16 major states of India for 2008-09 and 2009-10 the required data were compiled from annual report of ministry of human resource development report 2008-09 and 2009-10, Women statistics in India 2010. The study estimated Sopher’s disparity index and Discriminant analysis. As per the study in the reference period the average percentage of women enrolled in higher education was lower (39.67 percent) than that of men (60.33). In the Sopher’s disparity index in enrolment in higher education was found to be the highest in Orissa and lowest in Gujarat and Punjab. The estimated discriminant function was statistically valid as indicated by Mahalanobis ‘D’ squared value of 4.51. To reduce gender disparity in higher education the study recommends that the scholarships can be given to women for motivating them to enter into higher education and Special efforts should be formulated to create awareness among the girls students about the benefits of higher education.
- ItemDeterminants of Tribal Education With Specific Reference to Kotas(2011) Annapoorani, RThe importance of education is more pronounced for the tribals since they account for sizeable proportion of India’s population-8.21per cent according to 2001 census. For the development of the tribal communit)', education is a powerful instrument to change the attitude of the people and to create in them the urge of the necessary motivation to achie\e social mobility. In this context the research study on “Determinants of tribal education with specific relerence to Kotas” is lormulated with the objectives of stutlying the educational status of Kota children interms of enrollment and dropout, identify the factors determining the education of Kotas and finding out the problems faced by Kotas in getting education. The study was related to Kota tribals in Kotagiri taluk of Nilgiris District in TarnilNadu. 'I’he rec|uired data relating to general background, family background, enrolment, etc were collected by administering an interview schedule to the head of households in the selected area and the study covered UK) households. The ret]uired data were obtained by administering a structured interview scheduled to the households having population in the age group of 6-24. The study estimated composite education index and used Sopher’s disparit\' index, logit analysis and Garrets ranking technique. According to the study the enrolment rate ot Kotas was estimated to be 85.86 per cent. Of the total male school/college going population, 88 were enrolled and hence male enrolment rate worked out to be 92.6.5 per cent. The calculated female enrolment rate was 78.65 per cent. Of the students enrolled, 49 were dropped out and dropout rate was calculated as 31,82 per cent. The composite educational index was estimated as .66 and was high for boys (.56) as compared to girls (.49). The study identified mothers occupation, family income and land ownership as significant determinants of demand for education of Kotas. 'I’o improve tribal education the study recommended establishment of secondary and higher secondary schools within easy accessibility.
- ItemEducational Status of Scheduled Tribes in Coimbatore District(2013) Annapoorani, REducation is the key factor in acceierating the pace of deveiopment of any society. The tribal people are considered as a distinct ethnic group because of their peculiar socio cultural traditions and economic practices. Being Inhabitants of remote rural areas, deep forests or hilly regions, the tribal people remained by and large unaffected in all walks of life by the outside World and they were declared educationally backward. In India, many research attempts were directed at analysing the tribal education. But there hove been limited effort focused on analyzing educational status of scheduled tribes in Coimbatore. Hence, on effort was made to study the 'Educational status of scheduled tribes in Coimbatore District with the basic objectives of studying the educational status of tribal population in terms of enrolment, dropout, and retention rate; finding out the attitude of the head of the family towards male and female tribal education; identifying the determinants of demand for tribal education and recommend measures to promote tribal education. The study was related to 100 tribal households in Tholampalayam village in Karamadai block of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. The study was related to the time period o f2008 - 2009. The details relating to enrolment, dropout, retention and problems in education were collected by administering an interview schedule to the head of the households. The study attempted a logit analysis to Identify the determinants of tribal education and found that the Important determinants of demand for education of scheduled tribes were father's education, fother's occupation and mother's occupation. To improve the educational status of tribal students the study recommends that there is a need for establishing more number of schools within the locality and greater awareness has to be created about the importance o f education through mass media and also with the help of non-governmental agencies.
- ItemAn Empirical Analysis of the Interrelationship Between Entrepreneurship And Economic Growth In India - State Wise Analysis(2012) Annapoorani, REntrepreneurship is a source of innovation and change, and as such spurs improvements in productivity and economic competitiveness. Recently two established models Wennekers and Thurik (1999) and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) (2002) have succeeded in providing explanations for economic growth to the realm of entrepreneurship.
- ItemEntrepreneurial Intention Among Male and Female Students From Different Domains of Specialty(2014) Annapoorani, RHuge numbers of young graduates have flootled into the job market ever>' year. They prefer secured jobs either in multinational corporations or government sectors, but the existing sectors are inadequate to absorb all fresh graduates. Entrepreneurship has been recognized as one of the tools that generate employment and drives economic growth of a countr)'. Hence motivating entrepreneurial acti\'ity among this generation paves way for employment generation and may become as a solution for unemployment dilemma. An individual’s behaviour towards government job or self-employment depends on intention. This paper sets out to present a detailed empirical investigation of tlie entrepreneurial intentions of youth in Tamilnadu, India. The study employs the theoiy of planned beha\dour (TPB), in which intentions are regarded as resulting from attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and subjective norms. Data w-ere gathered through questionnaire survey from 188 post-graduate students from science and non-science degree from a recognized university in Tamilnadu, India. 2x2 ANOVA analyses performed to examine the differences between male and female from science and non-science on entrepreneurial intention and the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. 'I’he result indicated that there is a difference in the level entrepreneurial intention, attitude towards behaviour, and perceived behaviour control between male and female. Female .students are less interested in entrepreneurship compared to their male counterpart due to the influence of the traditional social role. Both male and female have the same perception regarding the pressure pfac^by the society to perform certain actions. Further the study reveals doinain of specialty 4oes;not have a significant effect on students’ entrepreneurial intention
- ItemEntrepreneurial Intention Among Male anti hemale Students From Different Domains of Specialty(2014) Annapoorani, RHuge numbers of young graduates have flooded into the job market every year. They prefer secured jobs either in multinational corporations or government sectors, but the existing sectors are inadequate to absorb all fresh graduates. Entrepreneurship has been recognized as one of the tools that generate employment and drives economic grovvth of a country'. Hence motivating enti'epreneurial activity among this generation paves way for employment generation and may become as a solution for unemployment dilemma. An individual’s behaviour towards government job or self-employment depends on intention. This paper sets out to present a detailed empirical investigation of the entrepreneurial intentions of youth in Tamilnadu, India. The study employs the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), in which intentions are regai’ded as resulting from attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and subjective norms. Data were gathered through questionnaire survey from 188 post-graduate students from science and non-science degree from a recognized university in Tamilnadu, India. 2x2 ANOVA analyses performed to examine the differences between male and female from science and non-science on entrepreneurial intention and the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. The result indicated that there is a difference in the level entrepreneurial intention, attitude towards behaviour, and perceived behaviour control between male and female. Female students are less interested in entrepreneurship compared to their male counterparf due to the influence of the traditional social role. Both male and female have the same perception regarding the pressure place by the society to perform cerfain actions. Further the study reveals domain of specialty does not have a significant effect on students’ entrepreneurial intention
- ItemExplore Repercussion of Role Models on Entrepreneurial, Intention(2014) Annapoorani, RA decision to start a business is persuaded not only by individual characteristics but also through socializatio. :. Inspiration an individual had via family, school, peers, mass media, public opinion, volunteer groitps and spirituality play an imperative role in their career decision. However there is dearth o f stitdies on influence o f role models in mounting entrepreneurial inclination especially among students in South-Asian perspective. An attempt has been made to present a detailed empirical reconnaissance on effect o f role models in creating entrepreneurial intentions among postgraditate stitdents in India. The study employs iheAjzen ,’y theory ofplanned behaviour, in which intentions are regarded as upshots of attitudes, .subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Data were compiled via questionnaire survey from 188 post-graduate students from science and non-science degree from a recognized university in Tamilnadu, India. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was worked-out to scrutinize the influence of role models on science and non-science postgraduate students ’ entrepreneurial intention and the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. The oiucome of the survey divulged that there is a significant relationship) between the role models and level altitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms towards entrepreneurial activity.
- ItemGrowth and Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India in Post Globalization Period(2013) Annapoorani, RMicro, Small and Medium enterprises play a key role in the development of economies with their effective, efficient, flexible and innovative entrepreneurial spirit. In terms of value, the sector accounts for about 45 per cent of the manufacturing output and 40 per cent of the total exports of India in 2010. A research study on 'Growth and performance of micro, small and medium enterprises in India in post globalization period' was undertaken with the objectives of studying the growth of number of micro, small and medium enterprises, capital Invested, labour employed, output and exports in, finding out the instability in the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises in post globalization period. The study was related to 1992-93 to 2010-11. The data for the study were compiled from the Annual Report of Micro, Small and Medium enterprises published by the Ministry of micro, small and medium enterprises. Government of India. The study estimated compound growth rate, Coppock's instability index and Frontier production function. As per the study, in the post globalization period the compound growth rote of number of MSMEs, fixed investment, production, employment and exports was significant. There had been more instability in the number of MSMEs in the post globalization period os compared to fxed investment, production, employment, exports. To improve the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises the study recommends increasing the number of items to be reserved for exclusive manufacture in micro and small enterprise sector and providing support in the feld of skill development, credit marketing, technology and infrastructure.
- ItemInclusive Growth in Rural Areas Through Financial Institutions(2010) Annapoorani, R
- ItemInter District Variation in Quality of Life of Scheduled Tribes in Tamil Nadu - An Empirical Analysis(2013) Annapoorani, RThe quality of life is the degree to which the experience of an individual's life satisfies individual’s wants and needs (both physical and psychological). Much of the debate about how quality of life should be defined has centred on subjective versus objective approaches. Physical quality of life index is a measure of performance in meeting the basic needs of population that lends itself well to international comparisons. In this context a research study on “Inter District variation in quality of life of scheduled tribes in Tamil Nadu - An empirical analysis was formulated with the objectives of computing quality of life index for s^cltedule^ribes in different Districts of Tamil Nadu, find out the extent of variation in different components of quality'of life of scheduled tribes in different Districts of Tamil Nadu and identilying the factors causing inter district variation in quality of life of scheduled tribes in Tamil Nadu. The study is related to 30 districts in Tamil Nadu the required data were compiled from. Statistical Hand Book of Tamil Nadu (2010), Report of State Planning Commission; Government of Tamil Nadu (2007), District Level Estimates Infant and Child Mortality (2001) and Selected educational statistics, various issues - Ministry of Human Resource Development. Following the method adopted by K.R. Gupta (2011) for measuring development, the current study tried to estimate life expectancy index at agel, infant mortality index, literacy index and finally the quality of life index. The study estimated Glni CO efficient ratio and applied factor analysis. The study found that the literacy rate was the highest in Chennai (75 percent) and lowest in Ramanathapuram (21 percent). The enrolment index was the highest in Nilgiris (49 percent) and lowest in Kanniyakumari (7 percent). The life expectancy index was the highest in Chennai (1.16 percent) and lowest in Virudunagar (0.84 percent). The estimated infant mortality index was found to be the highest in Kanniyakumari (0.93) and lowest in Theni (0.75). The quality of life index was the highest in Chennai (0.85 percent) and lowest in Theni (0.63 percent). The estimated Gini co efficient ratio was the highest for net irrigated area (0.99).The application of factor analysis reviled that the significant factors causing inter district variations in the quality of life were rain fall, net area irrigated and food grains production. To improve quality of life of the scheduled tribes population the study recommended expansions of educational facilities, increasing the number of primary health centres and also improving the health status of the population.
- ItemInter-State Disparities in Human Development in India(2010) Annapoorani, RDifference between the economic growth and the human development is that o f -the first focuses exclusively on the expansion o f only one choice - income, while the second embraces the enlargement o f all human choices - whether economic, social, cultural or political. A comprehensive set o f social and human development indicators needs to be evolved to monitdr plan progress. In addition to Gross National Product growth rates, annual assessments on the performance on human development front, changes in relative and absolute poverty levels etc. need to be carried out.
- ItemInter-State Variations in Enrolment in Higher Education in India(2013) Annapoorani, RHigher education is a critical pillar of human development forming the capstone of traditional education system. It provides not only the high-level skills necessary for labour markets, but also the training essential for teachers, doctors, engineers, civil servants, scientists, entrepreneurs and other professionals. There are 19 states and union territories in which GER is lower than the national average (10.84 percent). In this context the research study on “Inter-State variations in enrolment in higher education in India” was formulated with the objectives of finding out the gender disparities in higher education, the interstate variations in higher education and identify the factors determining gross enrolment of women in higher education. The study was related to 16 major states of India for 2009-2010 and 2010-11 the required data were compiied from selected educational statistics. 2010, Women statistics in India 2010 and Census 2011. The study estimated gender disparity index, Theil’s inequality index and Discriminant analysis. As per the study in the reference period the average gross enrolment rate of women in higher education was lower (41.45) than that of men (58.55). The gender disparity index in enrolment in higher education was found to be the highest in Bihar and lowest in Kerala. The estimated Theil’s inequality index in higher education, number of colleges was found to be higher (0.2344). The estimated discriminate function was statistically valid as indicated by Mahalanobis ‘D’ squared value is 5.727. Enrolment rate in higher education was found to be the highest in Andhra Pradesh and lowest in Bihar. To measure the higher education the cost of higher education is to be minimized and scholarships can be given to motivate into higher education. In higher education job oriented courses can be introduced as a part of the curriculum to make women suitable for employment and establishing an accreditation that ensures quality higher education.
- ItemInterstate Variation in Quality of Life In India-An Empirical Analysis(2013) Annapoorani, RThe concept of quality of life broadly encompasses how an individual measures the 'goodness' of multiple aspects of their life and it is measured by many social and economic factors. In this context a research study on Interstate variation in quality of life in India - An empirical analysis" was formulated with the objectives of computing quality of life index for different States of India and identifying the factors causing interstate variation in quality of life in Indio. The study was related to 16 major states of India. The required information were compiled from National Health Profile 2008: Economic Survey, 2011-12 and Selected educational statistics, 2011-12. Following the United Nations Development Programme procedure, index of education, index of life expectancy, index of per capita income and finally the index of quality of life was calculated. The study estimated Theil's inequality index of selected variables and applied discriminant analysis. The study found that the estimated educational index was found to be the highest in Kerala (.93) and lowest in Bihar (.63). The quality life index was found to be the highest in Punjab (3.70) and lowest in Bihar (2.394). The estimated discriminant function revealed that population in various states accounted for large percentage of (77.95) change in quality of life. The study recommended that, to improve quality of life efforts need to be formulated to expand educational opportunity for the children and also more number of primary health centres should be established.