Browsing by Author "Dr. Kalaiselvi Senthil"

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    A study on Neuroprotective potential of in vitro and field tissues of Withania somnifera using Caenorhabditis elegans model
    (Avinashilingam, 2023-03) Krishnapriya C; Dr. Kalaiselvi Senthil
    Withania somnifera is a prevalent medicinal herb used all over the world as a domestic remedy for addressing several age-related ailments. The plant is also one of 32 medicinal plants that have been ranked as priority medicinal plants by the National Medicinal Plant Board (NMPB). Ayurveda refers the field grown W. somnifera roots as a Rasayana medication (Rejuvenator). It has been used as the major ingredient in a variety of formulations to help slow down the aging process, cope with stress, and be an excellent neuroprotectant. However, the quality and quantity of traditionally cultivated plants present a significant obstacle to their utilization in herbal formulations. This study aims to demonstrate that in vitro shoot tissues of W. somnifera could be used as an alternative and be as bioactive as roots grown in the field. The HPTLC quantification of major withanolides and GC-MS profiling of metabolites revealed that the pharmacological actives of IS (in vitro shoot) showed the overall similar metabolite profile as in FR (field grown roots). As measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity, the antioxidant potential of in vitro shoots (IS) was also higher than that of field grown tissues (FR & FS) and in vitro roots (IR). The animal model study in Caenorhabditis elegans presented numerous lines of evidence regarding the effectiveness of the IS on the health and life expectancy over the FR, IR and FS. Along with this, the study compares the molecular level mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of FR, IR, FS and IS supplementation by using gene-specific mutants. The efficacy of W. somnifera extracts to prevent α-synuclein aggregation, its associated pathologies, and its capability for neuroprotection were studied in Parkinson’s disease-modeled worms. The finding of this study highlighted that IS is equally bioactive as traditionally used FR. Moreover, the IS extracts efficiently prolongs the lifespan, heath span and stress resistance via insulin/insulin- like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling (IIS) and mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes (mETC). The IS extract is more effectual for suppressing oxidative stress, a remarkable neuroprotectant in Parkinson’s disease modeled worms. As the first study to investigate the bioactivity of W. somnifera shoots cultivated in vitro, these results could contribute to the scaling up of IS culture systems and in vitro shoot tissues for treating neurological and age-related ailments, extending patients' lives, and improving their quality of life.
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    In planta assimilation and characterization of metal nanoparticles in in vitro shoots of Withania somnifera and its therapeutic evaluation using Rotenone induced SH-SY5Y cells
    (Avinashilingam, 2024-08) Kanimozhi N; Dr. Kalaiselvi Senthil
    Withania somnifera is a predominant medicinal herb having economically valuable secondary metabolites and high reduction potential. Apart from being medicinal, W. somnifera also has hyper accumulation capability especially with heavy metals. Initially, metal bioaccumulation and metal reduction capability of field grown shoot tissues of W. somnifera was analysed using elemental analysis and extract based green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The capability of W. somnifera to grow under the influence of heavy metal stress and accumulation of secondary metabolites is studied using in vitro shoot cultures. On confirmation of metal reduction capability, 45-days old in vitro shoot cultures were treated with different concentrations of silver nitrate and lead acetate salts at acute and chronic conditions. An Increase in biomass, primary and secondary metabolites (withanolides) was found to be accumulated in considerable amounts in metal salts treated in vitro shoots compared to in vitro control. Among the metal treated shoots, 1mM AgNO3 treatment for 12 days period and 0.8mM PbAc treatment for 12 days period was selected as the optimum treatment conditions and selected for the further studies. Optimum AgNO3 and PbAc treated shoots along with control shoots were analysed for its respective metal content using ICP MS analysis. The concentration of Ag in optimum AgNO3 treated shoot is 50.8ppm and Pb in optimum PbAc treated shoot is 405ppm. The nature of Ag and Pb within the shoot was analysed by TEM with EDAX analysis. The presence of Ag and Pb nanoparticles in spherical and rod shape was confirmed. In addition, the neuroprotective activity of metal treated IVS along with field grown tissues of W. somnifera was studied using Parkinson’s disease cell model (SH-SY5Y cells). Compared to field grown tissues, AgNO3 treated IVS exhibited increased neuroprotective activity against rotenone toxicity. Molecular docking study was conducted to analyse the binding site of rotenone and selected withanolides in mitochondrial complex I protein. Multiple ligand simultaneous docking revealed a binding of rotenone with withaferin A leaves complex I protein uninhibited. Thus, from the current study, we conclude that AgNO3 treated IVS along with increased withaferin A content has higher neuroprotective activity which may be used as a potential drug for toxins induced PD.